نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Given the decisive role of trade arrangements in shaping trade flows, this study seeks to explain the institutional and bureaucratic roots that have structurally delayed the approval and implementation of Iran’s trade agreements. Adopting a qualitative research design, the study draws on document analysis and semi‑structured interviews and is analytically framed within the theory of state capacity. The empirical analysis resulted in the extraction of 215 conceptual codes, 22 categories, and 5 overarching themes, providing a systematic depiction of the institutional and operational mechanisms underlying the problem. The findings indicate that an independence‑oriented logic institutionalized in the cognitive frameworks of decision‑makers, external structural pressures stemming from sanctions, the erosion of technical and human capacities caused by the elimination of specialized institutions and the weakness of commercial attaché networks, and institutional fragmentation across the negotiation, ratification, and implementation stages have collectively subjected these processes to sectoral frictions and bureaucratic delays. Ultimately, the roots of these delays can be traced to deficiencies across four core pillars of governance: institutional coherence, inter‑organizational coordination, bureaucratic transmissivity, and accountability.
کلیدواژهها English
