Iranian Journal of Trade Studies

Iranian Journal of Trade Studies

within the Net Zero Emissions (NZE) Scenario

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Mohamad Reza Karimi 1
Sadegh Abedi 2
Alireza Alinezhad 3
1 PhD student, Department of Industrial Management, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
2 Department of Industrial Management, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
3 Department of Industrial Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
10.22034/ijts.2025.2065853.4164
Abstract
In recent years, the issue of sustainable development in extractive industries, especially in the mining sector, has emerged as one of the priorities of environmental, economic and technological policymaking. On the other hand, the global scenario of net zero emissions (NZE), as one of the key paths to addressing climate change, has introduced new requirements for future-oriented governance in energy-intensive industries, including mines.
In this context, identifying the key factors affecting the future planning of sustainable development in mines constitutes a fundamental prerequisite for designing long-term strategies aligned with climate scenarios. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques. To achieve this goal, an initial list of relevant variables was first extracted through a literature review and content analysis of national and international studies. In the next step, using the fuzzy Delphi method and a survey of experts in the fields of mining, energy, and environmental policy, 12 final key variables were identified. Then, to model the preferences of decision-makers under conditions of uncertainty and ambiguity, the Fuzzy Hesitant  Hierarchy Analysis (HFAHP) technique was employed; a method well-suited to capturing the uncertainty and diversity of human judgments in futures research. Based on the output of HFAHP, four main criteria for sustainable development of mines were evaluated, including economic (0.258), social (0.231), technological (0.209), and environmental and climate (0.302).
Keywords
Foresight/ Sustainable Development/ Mining/ Net Zero Emissions (NZE)

Subjects

 
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  • Receive Date 14 July 2025
  • Revise Date 07 October 2025
  • Accept Date 26 October 2025