Institute for Trade Studies and ResearchIranian Journal of Trade Studies1735-0794145620150701Trade Liberalization, Economic Growth and Institutional Quality
in Selected CountriesTrade Liberalization, Economic Growth and Institutional Quality
in Selected Countries13213739FAMohsenMehraraAbbasaliRezaeiJournal Article20150721This paper examines the issue of the existence of the threshold effects in the relationship between trade openness and output growth in 30 oil-exporting countries, during the period 1995-2005, applying panel regressions. The model is estimated by dynamic panel methodology. We suggest, the ability of a country to exploit liberalization benefits depends critically on the institutional quality. In countries enjoying sufficiently good institutions, liberalization has a positive and significant effect on the economic growth; while in the ones suffering bad institutions, liberalization have a negative and significant effect on economic growth. The lower the institution quality, the more deterrent is the effect of liberalization on the economic growth. In this article we derive the kink point or threshold of institutional index whereby liberalization effect on the economic growth changes from negative to positive. The institutional quality index for Iran is much less than the estimated threshold, suggesting that mere liberalization without institutional provisions could not improve economic growth in this country.This paper examines the issue of the existence of the threshold effects in the relationship between trade openness and output growth in 30 oil-exporting countries, during the period 1995-2005, applying panel regressions. The model is estimated by dynamic panel methodology. We suggest, the ability of a country to exploit liberalization benefits depends critically on the institutional quality. In countries enjoying sufficiently good institutions, liberalization has a positive and significant effect on the economic growth; while in the ones suffering bad institutions, liberalization have a negative and significant effect on economic growth. The lower the institution quality, the more deterrent is the effect of liberalization on the economic growth. In this article we derive the kink point or threshold of institutional index whereby liberalization effect on the economic growth changes from negative to positive. The institutional quality index for Iran is much less than the estimated threshold, suggesting that mere liberalization without institutional provisions could not improve economic growth in this country.https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_13739_72fb22982ac69857cb2432f13589836e.pdfInstitute for Trade Studies and ResearchIranian Journal of Trade Studies1735-0794145620150701A Survey on Iran’s Foreign Trade flow and Its Synchronization of
Business Cycles with Southwest Asian CountriesA Survey on Iran’s Foreign Trade flow and Its Synchronization of
Business Cycles with Southwest Asian Countries335813740FAKhosroManteghiMohammad AliZeighamiBitaNoroziJournal Article20150721One of the main issues in recent literature on regionalism is the relationship between the trade flow and synchronized business cycles of member countries. This paper attempt, to test and evaluate the significance of such relationship in Iran’s trade with southwest Asian countries in an organism from work based on date table method. To do so, the key indices of Iran’s trade intensity and its synchronization of business cycles with each surveyed country during 1980-2005 are used. The latter is obtained through measuring the GDP correlation coefficient among member countries. The results indicate that higher Iran’s trade flow with surveyed countries does not necessarily leads to its higher synchronization of business cycles.One of the main issues in recent literature on regionalism is the relationship between the trade flow and synchronized business cycles of member countries. This paper attempt, to test and evaluate the significance of such relationship in Iran’s trade with southwest Asian countries in an organism from work based on date table method. To do so, the key indices of Iran’s trade intensity and its synchronization of business cycles with each surveyed country during 1980-2005 are used. The latter is obtained through measuring the GDP correlation coefficient among member countries. The results indicate that higher Iran’s trade flow with surveyed countries does not necessarily leads to its higher synchronization of business cycles.https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_13740_ac3f493742d14eee1e4e4ae00f2704f6.pdfInstitute for Trade Studies and ResearchIranian Journal of Trade Studies1735-0794145620150701Customer Segmentation in Clothing Exports Based
on Clustering AlgorithmCustomer Segmentation in Clothing Exports Based
on Clustering Algorithm598613741FAMehdiGhazanfariSamiraMalekmohammadiSomayehAlizadehMehdiFatollahJournal Article20150721For the success of CRM, it is important to target the most profitable customers of a company. Many CRM researches have been performed to segment customers. The goal of this paper is to segment the countries based on the value of clothing export from Iran during 14 years ending at 2005. To measure the dissimilarity among export baskets of different countries, we define Dissimilarity Export Basket (DEB) function and use this distance function in K-means algorithm. The DEB function is defined based on the concepts of the association rules and the value of export groupcommodities. In this paper, clustering quality function and clusters interclass inertia are defined to, respectively, calculate the optimum number of clusters and to compare the functionality of DEB versus Euclidean distance. We also study the effects of importance weight in DEB function to improve clustering quality. Lastly, when segmentation is completed, a designated RFM model is used to analyze the relative profitability of each cluster.For the success of CRM, it is important to target the most profitable customers of a company. Many CRM researches have been performed to segment customers. The goal of this paper is to segment the countries based on the value of clothing export from Iran during 14 years ending at 2005. To measure the dissimilarity among export baskets of different countries, we define Dissimilarity Export Basket (DEB) function and use this distance function in K-means algorithm. The DEB function is defined based on the concepts of the association rules and the value of export groupcommodities. In this paper, clustering quality function and clusters interclass inertia are defined to, respectively, calculate the optimum number of clusters and to compare the functionality of DEB versus Euclidean distance. We also study the effects of importance weight in DEB function to improve clustering quality. Lastly, when segmentation is completed, a designated RFM model is used to analyze the relative profitability of each cluster.https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_13741_bb41d7ba746e551cbae52d2aaab4f625.pdfInstitute for Trade Studies and ResearchIranian Journal of Trade Studies1735-0794145620150701Collusion Between Undertakings in Perspective of EU and Iranian
Competition LawCollusion Between Undertakings in Perspective of EU and Iranian
Competition Law8711713742FAMashiyatollahNorozi ShamsJournal Article20150721Collusion between the undertakings as one of anti-competitive practices is one of the issues that the EU competition law from the beginning of the emergence(during the half century from 1957) has focused on it. In our country following of adopting of privatization process in national economy and especially under the Article 44 of the Act of Reform to Fourth Economic, Social and Cultural Development Plan of Islamic Republic of Iran and implementation of General Policies of Principle (44) Approved on 1387/3/25, collusion between undertakings which has one or more effects that enumerated in above Article has been banned. Comparative study of the concept of collusion between undertakings and conditions and effects of it on the activities of undertakings in perspective of European and Iranian competition laws is the subject of this article.Collusion between the undertakings as one of anti-competitive practices is one of the issues that the EU competition law from the beginning of the emergence(during the half century from 1957) has focused on it. In our country following of adopting of privatization process in national economy and especially under the Article 44 of the Act of Reform to Fourth Economic, Social and Cultural Development Plan of Islamic Republic of Iran and implementation of General Policies of Principle (44) Approved on 1387/3/25, collusion between undertakings which has one or more effects that enumerated in above Article has been banned. Comparative study of the concept of collusion between undertakings and conditions and effects of it on the activities of undertakings in perspective of European and Iranian competition laws is the subject of this article.https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_13742_bbfac18d2edb930651d866f44fcfcb62.pdfInstitute for Trade Studies and ResearchIranian Journal of Trade Studies1735-0794145620150701Perspective on an Iran–Persian Gulf Cooperation Council (PGCC)
Free Trade Agreement (FTA)Perspective on an Iran–Persian Gulf Cooperation Council (PGCC)
Free Trade Agreement (FTA)11914713743FAHasanSaghebAlirezaGarshasbiJournal Article20150721In this paper attempts have been made to determine the merchandise trade impacts of a possible setting up of a Free Trade Area between Iran and the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council on Iran. For this purpose the SMART Simulation model which is a partial equilibrium model is employed. Results demonstrate that following the setting up of the FTA the volume of exports and imports and hence the volume of trade of Iran would increase. Although the results are to the effect that as a consequences of the FTA the trade balance deficit will deteriorate, but employing the rules of origin prevailing in preferential trade agreements would reduce such deterioration.In this paper attempts have been made to determine the merchandise trade impacts of a possible setting up of a Free Trade Area between Iran and the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council on Iran. For this purpose the SMART Simulation model which is a partial equilibrium model is employed. Results demonstrate that following the setting up of the FTA the volume of exports and imports and hence the volume of trade of Iran would increase. Although the results are to the effect that as a consequences of the FTA the trade balance deficit will deteriorate, but employing the rules of origin prevailing in preferential trade agreements would reduce such deterioration.https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_13743_429179fb7df2b9be885407a2f38a6b72.pdfInstitute for Trade Studies and ResearchIranian Journal of Trade Studies1735-0794145620150701The Effect of Export Technological Composition on Economic
GrowthThe Effect of Export Technological Composition on Economic
Growth14917613744FAAminMalekiJournal Article20150721In a historical context, international trade theories have two separable views to export composition as a driver of comparative advantage in developing nations. Traditional “Capacity Base Approach” assumes a competitive international technology market, that firms in developing countries can find, select, buy and transfer the technologies they need without any additional costs, so in this approach, technological activates plays no role in the comparative advantage of developing countries and main determinant is relative factor endowments. But in “Capability Base Approach” comparative advantage depends more on the national ability to master and use technologies than on factor endowments. In this approach, market failures cause finding technologies be a difficult, often costly, process and once technology is imported, its efficient use requires creating new skills and knowledge to master its tacit knowledge. Different export structures in capability base approach have different implications for growth and effects on domestic industrial development but emphasizes that export structures are not flexible in short time periods. This paper maps out “Feder” Neoclassical growth model for testing effects of IRAN non-oil export technological composition, because this conventional functional form make possible separate export sub sector without using their production factor endowments. After converting “Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS)” to “International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC)” and after converting ISIC codes to five “High”, “Medium- High”, “Medium-low”, “Low” and “Non-Technological” Codes, for 69 seasonal periods (1992Q2 to 2009Q2) by using simple and generalized lease squaretechniques, results show that there is a factor productivity differential in technological-intensive subsectors and emphasizes the role of low technological industries in economic growth of IRAN’s economy.In a historical context, international trade theories have two separable views to export composition as a driver of comparative advantage in developing nations. Traditional “Capacity Base Approach” assumes a competitive international technology market, that firms in developing countries can find, select, buy and transfer the technologies they need without any additional costs, so in this approach, technological activates plays no role in the comparative advantage of developing countries and main determinant is relative factor endowments. But in “Capability Base Approach” comparative advantage depends more on the national ability to master and use technologies than on factor endowments. In this approach, market failures cause finding technologies be a difficult, often costly, process and once technology is imported, its efficient use requires creating new skills and knowledge to master its tacit knowledge. Different export structures in capability base approach have different implications for growth and effects on domestic industrial development but emphasizes that export structures are not flexible in short time periods. This paper maps out “Feder” Neoclassical growth model for testing effects of IRAN non-oil export technological composition, because this conventional functional form make possible separate export sub sector without using their production factor endowments. After converting “Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS)” to “International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC)” and after converting ISIC codes to five “High”, “Medium- High”, “Medium-low”, “Low” and “Non-Technological” Codes, for 69 seasonal periods (1992Q2 to 2009Q2) by using simple and generalized lease squaretechniques, results show that there is a factor productivity differential in technological-intensive subsectors and emphasizes the role of low technological industries in economic growth of IRAN’s economy.https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_13744_035eb76e8e1199879473db82502d31dc.pdfInstitute for Trade Studies and ResearchIranian Journal of Trade Studies1735-0794145620150701Price Transmission Mechanism in Iranian Meat markets of
Mazandaran ProvincePrice Transmission Mechanism in Iranian Meat markets of
Mazandaran Province17719413745FARezaMoghadasiGhasemNoroziJournal Article20150721This paper analyses the price transmission behavior and provides estimates on asymmetry, elasticity and causality relations for three meat products using weekly data during 1385-87 in Mazandaran province. The results of causality test indicated that the chicken retail prices are influenced by wholesale prices but for beef there is no causality relation between prices. In the lamb meat market, the causal relationship is bilateral. Based on Houck model, asymmetric price transmission is confirmed for three meat products. Study of the transmission elasticity show that the short-run coefficients are less than the long-run coefficients. Therefore, the price changes are not fully transmitted between the different levels of the meat market chain and it may take several periods to adjust.This paper analyses the price transmission behavior and provides estimates on asymmetry, elasticity and causality relations for three meat products using weekly data during 1385-87 in Mazandaran province. The results of causality test indicated that the chicken retail prices are influenced by wholesale prices but for beef there is no causality relation between prices. In the lamb meat market, the causal relationship is bilateral. Based on Houck model, asymmetric price transmission is confirmed for three meat products. Study of the transmission elasticity show that the short-run coefficients are less than the long-run coefficients. Therefore, the price changes are not fully transmitted between the different levels of the meat market chain and it may take several periods to adjust.https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_13745_197375e98eac65e65da5ff18ec512978.pdfInstitute for Trade Studies and ResearchIranian Journal of Trade Studies1735-0794145620150701Identifying key Factors in the Technology Development of Iranian
Non-Government SectorIdentifying key Factors in the Technology Development of Iranian
Non-Government Sector19523313746FAMehdiNaddafAbbasEbrahimiAliJamaliJournal Article20150721This article aims to research mechanisms and course of action by which the government would be able to support the Iranian private sector to develop technology. In this article we indicate key factors of technology development of the non-government sector. Moreover, the main purpose of conducting the research is to produce long and short- term courses of action to support non-state-owned companies to develop technology in their production processes. Since the private sector of Iran consists mainly of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), the notion has been also considered in the research. In the end, the executive courses of action in two parts of both short-term and long-term ones have been suggested and macro-level policies in proportion to the private sector activities have been also studied.This article aims to research mechanisms and course of action by which the government would be able to support the Iranian private sector to develop technology. In this article we indicate key factors of technology development of the non-government sector. Moreover, the main purpose of conducting the research is to produce long and short- term courses of action to support non-state-owned companies to develop technology in their production processes. Since the private sector of Iran consists mainly of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), the notion has been also considered in the research. In the end, the executive courses of action in two parts of both short-term and long-term ones have been suggested and macro-level policies in proportion to the private sector activities have been also studied.https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_13746_e2ba9673fc8a4f64bbebfc27f0d73ad2.pdf