Fractal Identification and Classification of Crowd Sourcing Components in Commercial Organizations Using Assessment Matrix Methods (AMM)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Production - Industrial Management - South Tehran

2 Faculty Member of Tehran South Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Professor of Faculty of Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In recent years, problem-solving through crowdsourcing is one of the approaches that has been considered by many business organizations.  The results of the studies show that crowdsourcing is one of the ways to succeed in economics in the present era. it is considered in the development of new products, as an operational innovation to improve the quality of the products and to expand the development process; However, increasing complexity at the organizational level has added to the problem of decision-making and less attention has been paid to crowdsourcing.The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize (classify) the components of crowdsourcing in business organizations with Considering fractal rules in times of complexity.
The present study is field, quantitative, cross-sectional and exploratory research.The statistical population of this study is managers and employees of active businesses in the field of crowdsourcing in Iran, which were selected 5 people as a sample with the help of judging sampling.Data Gathering Tools close Questionnaire of spectral type; It has a range of ranking responses, which in order to prioritize the components against the indicators of the evaluation matrix methods (including the Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix and the Iranian matrix) were used with the help of Excel software.
The results of this study show that among the types of aggregation components according to the rules of fractals, in order to control and consider complexity in commercial organizations, should be paid special attention to the components of \"collective use, voluntary population participation, use of information technology\" as the most important components of business organization.

Keywords


جعفری، سید‌محمد‌باقر و عبدا...زاده، زهرا (1398). «بررسی تاثیر به کارگیری مکانیک‌های بازی‌پردازی بر موفقیت طرح‌های جمع‌سپاری در حکمرانی الکترونیکی، مورد مطالعه مشارکت شهروندان شهرکرد در زیباسازی شهر»، فصلنامه تحقیقات فرهنگی ایران، صفحات 154-131.
حبیبی، آرش، ایزدیار، صدیقه و سرافراز، اعظم (1393). «تصمیم‌گیری چند‌معیاره‌فازی»، انتشارات کتیبه گیل، صفحات 55-20.
ستاری،سورنا (1397). «استارت آپ‌ها»،  ایبنا، 27 فروردین1397؛http://www.ibena.ir/news/84582
سلطانی، مرتضی، شفیعی رودپشتی، میثم و حسینی، سید‌جاوید (1397). «شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی عوامل کلیدی موفقیت پروژه‌های طراحی محصول با رویکرد جمع‌سپاری در صنعت فناوری‌اطلاعات»، مدیریت‌نوآوری، (3)7، صفحات84-51.
عزیزی، شهریار (1397). «روش پژوهش در مدیریت با تاکید بر مثال‌های کاربردی و آماری»، چاپ دوم، انتشارات سمت، صفحات 268-266.
قبادیان، وحید (1397). «مبانی و مفاهیم در معماری معاصر غرب»، دفتر پژوهش‌های فرهنگی، چاپ بیست و ششم، صفحات 52-20.
کرمی، جهانگیر و رسولی‌نژاد، احسان (1398). «مطالعه تطبیقی سیاست‌های کلی اقتصادی ن.ج.ا.ا با سیاست‌های بلند‌مدت اقتصادی فدراسیون روسیه»، فصلنامه سیاست‌های راهبردی کلان، تابستان 1398، دوره هفتم، شماره2، 209-223.
محمدی، محمود، فتحی‌هفشجانی، کیامرث و ممتاز، حسین (1398). «تکنیک‌های نوین تصمیم‌گیری چند‌شاخصه»؛ انتشارات ادیبان‌روز، چاپ دوم، صفحات 67-56.
مشبکی، اصغر وممتاز، حسین (1398). «مفاهیم نوین سازمان و مدیریت»، انتشارات ادیبان، چاپ دوم، صفحات 103-83.
ممتاز، حسین، فتحی‌هفشجانی، کیامرث و محمود احمدی‌شریف (1399). «راهنمای تصمیم‌گیری چند‌شاخصه در کسب‌و‌کارها»، انتشارات چاپ و نشر بازرگانی، چاپ اول، صفحات61-48.
ممتاز، حسین و هاشم‌زاده‌خوراسگانی، غلامرضا (1398). «جمع‌سپاری»، انتشارات شرکت چاپ و نشر، چاپ اول، صفحات 56-31.
Acar, O (2019). “Motivations and Solution Appropriatenessin Crowdsourcing Challenges for Innovation”, Research Policy, pp. 1-13.
Afuah, A, and Tucci, C.L (2012). “Crowdsourcing as a Solution to Distant Search”, Academy of Management Review, pp. 50-75.
Beer Jeremy, Ian D, Carthy P.Mc, Soliman Adam and Treen Emily (2017); “Click here to agree: Managing intellectual Property When Crowd sourcing solutions”, Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, Business Horizon, pp.250-254.
Besanko, D, and Braeutigam, R (2010). “Microeconomics”, Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. Pp.356.
Bider, I, Perjons, E, Elias, M, and Johannesson, P (2016). “A Fractal Enterprise Model and its Application for Business Development”, Software and Systems Modeling, pp. 1-47.
Black, J.A, and Fabian, T (2005). “Fractals, Stories and the Development of Coherence in Strategic Logic”, Competence Perspective on Managing Internal Process (Advances in Applied Business Strategy (7), pp.3 – 27.
Brabham, D.C (2012). “Motivations for Participation in a Crowdsourcing Application to Improve Public Engagement in Transit Planning”, Journal of Applied Communication Research, 40(3). pp. 307-328.
Buecheler, T, Sieg, J.H, Fuchslin, R.M, and Pfeifer, R (2010); “Crowdsourcing, Open Innovation and Collective”, University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse, pp. 39. (CH-8057).
Bush, T and Balven, R (2018). “Catering to the Crowd: An HRM Perspective on Crowd Worker Engagement”, Human Resource Management Review, pp. 30-38.
Canavesio, M, Martinez, M, and Ernesto, C (2016). “Modelo Fractal Empresa Orientada Para o Projeto Para Redes de Pequenas e Media’s Empresas”, Teuken Bidikay Nº 09 (Medellín, Colombia) 8405, pp. 159-180.
Christensen, I, and Karlsson, C (2020). “Open Innovation and the Effects of Crowdsourcing in a Pharma Ecosystem”, Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 4, pp. 240–247.
Claudia Aparecida, M, Kumiko Oshio, K, Fernando and Jose Barbin, l, (2018). “The Role of Information Technology for Building Virtual Environments to Integrate Crowdsourcing Mechanisms Into the Open Innovation Process”. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 129, pp. 143–153.
Debra Zahaya, Nick Hajli, Debika Sihi (2018). “Managerial Perspectives on Crowdsourcing in the New Product Development Process”, Industrial Marketing Management, 71, 41-53.
Dyck, R (2006). “Fractal Planning for Integral Economic Development”, Kybernetes, 35(7/8), pp. 1037-1047.
Fabio R, Celso A.S (2018). “Understanding Crowdsourcing Projects: A Systematic Review of Tendencies, Workflow, and Quality Management”, Information Processing and Management, 54, 490–506.
Fink, A, Kosecoff, J, Chassin, M, and Brook, R.H (1984). “Consensus Methods: Characteristics and Guidelines for use”, American Journal of Public Health, 74(9), pp. 979-983.
Flostrand, Andrew (2017). “Finding the Future: Crowdsourcing Versus the Delphi Technique”, Business Horizons 60(2), pp. 30-37.
Fuchs, B, Sornette, D, and Thurner, S (2014). “Fractal Multi-Level Organisation of Human Groups in a Virtual World”, SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 4, pp. 6526.
Gatautis, R, and Vitkauskaite, E (2014). “Crowdsourcing Application in Marketing Activities”; Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 110, pp. 1243-1250.
Griffiths, David, Evans, Peter (2011). ”Scaling the Fractal Plain: Towards a General View of Knowledge Management”. Journal of European Industrial Training, 35(8), 39-58.
Guoliang L, Jiannan W, Yudian, Z, and Ju, F (2018). “Crowdsourced Data Management”, Hybrid Human-Machine Data Management. pp. 11-19.
Howe, J (2008). “Crowdsourcing: How the Power of the Crowd is Driving the Future of Business”, New York, Random House, 3, pp. 20-58.
Jost J (2004). “External and Internal Complexity of Complex Adaptive Systems”, Theory in Biosciences, 123(1):69–88.
Kleinikkink, A, and Noori, H (2013). “Fractal Automation – A Proposed Implementation Model”, 15(1), pp. 10-21.
Leicht, N, Knop, N, Blohm, I, Muller-Bloch, Ch, and Leimeister, J.M (2016). “When is CrowdSourcing Sdvantegeous? The case of CrowdSourcing Software Testng”, European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2016), Istanbul, Turkey.
Malik, P (2015). “Fractal Organization: Creating Enterprises of Tomorrow”, SAGE Publications India. pp. 30-44.
Mandelbrot B.B (1977). ” Fractals: Form, Chance and Dimension”, W.H. Freeman and Co, San Francisco. CA. (196). 8.
Marzano G, and Lubkina V (2019). “A Mobile Crowdsourcing and Crowdsensing Platform”, Future of Information and Communication Conference FICC: Advances in Information and Communication, pp. 420-43.
Modaresnezhad, M, Iyer, L, Palvia, P, and Taras, V (2020). “Information Technology (IT) Enabled Crowdsourcing: A Conceptual Framework”, Information Processing and Management, 57, pp. 102-135.
Moradi M (2019). “Crowdsourcing for Search Engines: Perspectives and Challenges”, International Journal of Crowd Science, pp. 49-62.
Mrass, V, and Peters, C (2019). “Managing Work Systems for Complex Work via Crowdworking Platforms How to Orchestrate the Interplay of Crowds”, Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
Noori Hamid, Lee, W.B (2000). “Fractal Manufacturing Partnership: Exploring a New Form of Strategic Alliance Between OEMs and Suppliers”, Logistics Information Management, 13(5): pp.301-311.
Palacios, M, Martinez-Corral, A, Nisar, A, and Grijalvo, M (2016). “Crowdsourcing and Organizational forms: Emerging Trends and Research Implications”, Journal of Business Research, 69(5), pp. 1834-1839.
Peitgen, H, Hartmut, J, and Dietmar, S (2018). “Chaos and Fractals”, New Frontiers of Science, 8(1), pp. 18-29.
Piller, F (2010). “Open Innovation with Customers: Crowdsourcing and Co-Creation at Threadless”, Available from: http://ssrn.com/abstract¼1688018 [October 2010].
Schenka, Eric, Guittardb, Claude and Peninb Julien (2019). “Open or Proprietary? Choosing the Right Crowdsourcing Platform for Innovation”, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, pp.100-137.
Sloane, P (2011). “A Guide to Open Innovation and Crowdsourcing: Advice from Leading Experts”, Kogan Page, pp. 83-120.
Verzijl, D, Dervojeda, K, Nagtegaal, F, Sjauw, K.F.P, Netherlands Probst, L, Frideres, L, and Luxembourg, p (2017). “Smart Factories Crowdsourced manufacturing  Business Innovation Observatory(Case study 27)”, European Union, September 2014, pp. 5-9.
Wang, Sh, and Dang, D, (2020). “Incentive Mechanism for the Listing Item Task in Crowdsourcing”, Information Sciences, 512, pp. 80–95.
Wang, Y, CAI, Z, Tng, X, and GAO, Y (2018). “Thruthful Incentive Mechanism with Location Privacy-Preserving for Mobile Crowdsourcing System”, Compute. Netw, 135, pp. 32-43.
WBG (World Bank Group), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (2019); Comparing Business Regulation for Domestic Firms in 190 Economies, 16th Edition. World Bank Publications, pp. 4-8.
Wolfson, S (2017); “Diagnosing ASD with Fractal Analysis”, Advances in Autism, 3(1), pp.47-56.
Ye Hua, J, and Kankanhalli, A (2015); “Investigating the Antecedents of Organizational Task Crowdsourcing”, Information & Management. 52, pp. 98–110.