Institute for Trade Studies and Research
Iranian Journal of Trade Studies
1735-0794
2676-7767
21
81
2017
02
19
The extent of competition, monopoly and behavioral pattern in Iran’s industries using non-structural Approach
1
30
FA
farhad
khodadad kashi
Professor of Economics, PayameNoor University, Tehran, Iran
khodadad@pnu.ac.ir
samaneh
noraniazad
Assistant Professor of Economics, Payame Noor University,tehran, Iran
noraniazad@gmail.com
marzieh
eshaghi gorji
Master of Economics, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
marziyeheshaghigorji@gmail.com
The main purposes of this article are introducing structural and non-structural methods of measuring monopoly power. Moreover, in this study sought to investigate the extent of monopoly power by using Panzer- Rosse non-structural approach. To meet this ends the data of 131 Iran’s 4-digit industries over the period of 1996-2007 were used. Results indicate that more industries in Iran had higher concentration than average and the extent of entry barriers were very high. Also, in Iran’s industries economies of scale were not exploited. In addition, the results of Panzar- Rosse model showed that Iran’s industries market structure were not competitive.
Market Power,H-Statistic,Concentration,Economies of Scale,Cost Disadvantage of Ratio
https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_24520.html
https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_24520_32bd0164c5e6846fdc18fc182d026fdb.pdf
Institute for Trade Studies and Research
Iranian Journal of Trade Studies
1735-0794
2676-7767
21
81
2017
02
19
The Effect of Income Inequality on Demand Function of Imports of Consumption Goods in Iran
31
56
FA
abolfazl
shahabadi
0000-0002-9316-8296
دانشیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، دانشکده بوعلی سینا،همدان.
ab.shahabadi@gmail.com
mohammadikazem
naziri
استادیار دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه بوعلیسینا
shahabadif@gmail.com
مرتضی
نعمتی
دانشگاه بوعلی سینا
nemati.morteza66@gmail.com
Income distribution describes how people share of national income and degree of inequality between people in society. Increasing income inequality leads to change in the composition of domestic and imported consumption goods. Because inequality increases will be increase the purchasing power of the rich and to increase the demand for consumption goods with high elasticity that is mainly imported luxury. Therefore this study investigated the effects of income inequality on Iranian imports of consumption goods during the period of 1969-2012. In this regard using by vector auto regressive (VAR) approach was examined relationship between imports of consumption goods and GDP, real exchange rate and income inequality. Estimation results show that imports of consumption goods with interruptions has had the most effect on the import of consumption goods. Also the real exchange rate is expected to have reverse relationship with imports of consumption goods. GDP also has a positive and significant effect on imports of consumption goods and variable of income inequality also has a positive effect on imports of consumption goods. In fact, by reducing income inequality and improving the income distribution will be increase tendency of use of consumption goods of domestic product, and will be reduced the amount of imports of consumption goods.
Income Inequality,Demand for Imported Consumption Goods,Real Exchange Rate,Iran's Economy
https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_24521.html
https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_24521_7c89289f493fa9f5d8d9e04368e3e275.pdf
Institute for Trade Studies and Research
Iranian Journal of Trade Studies
1735-0794
2676-7767
21
81
2017
02
19
prerequisites for improving the Iran’s corporate governance system, with an emphasis on World Bank’s protecting minority investors index
57
96
FA
Seyedbehzad
Porseyed
دکترای حقوق خصوصی، عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه امام صادق، دانشکده معارف اسلامی و حقوق
سید محمد رضا
حسینی
دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه امام صادق (ع)
s.mr.hosseiny@gmail.com
laila
sohrabi
دانشجوی دکترای حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه خوارزمی، کارشناس گروه مشاوران حقوقی سازمان بورس و اوراق بهادار تهران.
Corporate governance, is a response to agancy problem. Agancy problem is result of separation of ownership and control. Different countries in their laws and regulation, use different method to overcome this problem. World bank’s protecting minority investors, evaluates and compares different legal system in this subject. Before 2015، the only components of the disclosure، director liability and ease of judicial action against the directors were measured. In 2015، new components of shareholders' rights، the strength of governance structure and corporate transparency of the company were added to this index.<br /> <br /> The main question of this study is: What legal reforms needed to improve Iran’s corporate governance system using minority investors index. The answers will be given by using library resources and study the rules and regulations governing this area. The results showed that the existing strategies for improving the status of laws and regulations could be categorized in three strategies. The first is reforming the respondent’s interpretation of laws and regulations. The second approach is amending regulations governing listed companies. The last strategy، is amending the laws governing the matter (for example commercial code, civil procedure code and etc) by preparation and adoption of the "corporate governance"، which is more efficient. Therefore، this study suggest parliament to pass a law to improve Iran’s corporate governance system.
Corporate Governance,law and economics,the World Bank's ease of doing business index,protection of minority shareholders. capital market
https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_24523.html
https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_24523_bf3adf95e9b942ced85b74a59803e3c2.pdf
Institute for Trade Studies and Research
Iranian Journal of Trade Studies
1735-0794
2676-7767
21
81
2017
02
19
Threshold effect of increasing exports on energy intensity in selected OPEC member countries
97
124
FA
Kiumars
Shahbazi
Urmia University
k.shahbazi@urmia.ac.ir
سکینه
جعفری
کارشناس ارشد اقتصاد دانشگاه ارومیه
sakineh.jafari9384@gmail.com
This paper, investigates the threshold effect of increasing non-oil exports on energy intensity in selected of OPEC member countries for the period of 1995-2012, using panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model as one of the most prominent regime-switching models. For this end, the non-oil exports variable is used as a transition variable. The linearity test results indicate clearly nonlinear relationship among variables under consideration. Moreover, nonexistence of remaining nonlinearity relationship justifies considering one transition function and one threshold parameter, which shows a two regime model. In this study slope parameter is 21/1681 and threshold value is 8/4715. In the first regime exports has a negative impact on energy intensity and by transition of threshold value and entry to second-regime negative impact has been decreased. Therefore increasing exports decreases energy intensity in this countries.
Energy intensity,Export,Threshold effect
https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_24524.html
https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_24524_ac69f4e8be854afbd41554f238eea2bb.pdf
Institute for Trade Studies and Research
Iranian Journal of Trade Studies
1735-0794
2676-7767
21
81
2017
02
19
Trans-Pacific Partnership and rebalancing of China’s economic influence
125
148
FA
mohamad taghi
ansari
دکتری اقتصاد سیاسی بینالملل و استادیار پژوهشکده مطالعات علومانسانی و فرهنگی
amailmamail@yahoo.com
مشارکت فراپاسیفیک یا توافق تجارت آزاد فراپاسیفیک فراتر از تاثیرات اقتصادیش پیامدهای مهم ژئوپلیتیکی در منطقه آسیا پاسیفیک دارد. این توافق تجارت آزاد مولفه ای مهم از استراتژی بازگشت ایالات متحده به آسیا پاسیفیک است که ذیل عنوان محوری برای آسیا مطرح می شود. بر این اساس در معادلات منطقه ای آسیا پاسیفیک اهمیت ژئوپلیتیکی توافق تجارت آزاد آسیا بیش از اهمیت اقتصادی آن است. در واقع رشد چشمگیر اقتصادی چین در طول بیش از سه دهه گذشته پیامدهایی برای موضع مسلط ایالات متحده در امور منطقه ای آسیا پاسیفیک داشته است، بطوریکه توان و نفوذ فزاینده اقتصادی چین به چالشی برای موضع ایالات متحده در تسلط بر امور اقتصاد سیاسی منطقه ای آسیا پاسیفیک تبدیل شده است. در این راستا این سوال مطرح است که هدف ژئوپلیتیکی ایالات متحده از ایفای نقشی فعال در گسترش توافق تجارت آزاد فراپاسیفیک چیست؟ در پاسخ به این پرسش فرضیه این مقاله آن است که نفوذ فزاینده تجاری چین در حوزه آسیا پاسیفیک متغییر تعیین کننده ژئوپولیتیکی است که سبب شده است ایالات متحده نقش فعالی در گسترش و نهایی شدن توافق تجارت آزاد فراپاسیفیک بازی کند. به عبارتی افزایش نفوذ اقتصادی چین، متغییر تعیین کننده ژئوپلیتیکی است که سبب شده است ایالات متحده نقشی فعال در مشارکت و گسترش توافق تجارت آزاد فراپاسیفیک ایفا کند. هدف این پژوهش تبیین رابطه این متغییرها است، متغییرهایی که ما را یاری می کنند که تقلای ژئوپلیتیکی آمریکا را در شکل توافق تجارت آزاد فرا پاسیفیک در مواجه با افزایش نفوذ اقتصادی چین توضیح دهیم.
China Rise,Trans-Pacific Partnership,US,Rebalance,Hegmonic Stability
https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_24525.html
https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_24525_d8b69187520c2517ae79de2128a51ea5.pdf
Institute for Trade Studies and Research
Iranian Journal of Trade Studies
1735-0794
2676-7767
21
81
2017
02
19
ranking the market for the railway commodity transport and proposing the target markets
149
180
FA
hashem
kalantari
Head of study and research operation group of the railway training and research center
h.kalantari1350@gmail.com
EBRAHIMALI
RAZINI
استادیار اقتصاد، عضو هیاتعلمی دانشگاه آزاد کرج، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری،گروه مدیریت صنعتی
a_razini@yahoo.com
At present time in spite of social benefits of the railway transportation such as high level of safety, low fuel consumption and less air pollution, its share of country domestic land Transport is less than 10 percent . One of the factorsofthis issue is the state-rundominatedapproach and lackof utilizing the proper methodsof marketing and market management attention to the which results in the incomplete usageof the rail network capacities.<br /> The recent study through identifying the proper criteria attempts to determine and rank the target markets from geographic view and commodity groups like mine, steel, oil, construction materials, agriculture and other groups (small commodities) in order to help the decision makers to manage and put target for the railway transportation market. <br /> To rank based on the outputs of the previous studies to estimate the rail freight demand for the year 1398, some 121 options as origin and destination together with four independent criteria were as namely massive freight transport distance, tariff rate and degree of accessibility to the cites connected by the rail network were selected .<br /> Out of these 121 routes, 37 cities are the origins of the freight in which the first 12 ones namely Sirjsn, Bandar-Mahshahr, Ardakan, Bandar-Abbas, Bafgh, Khaf, Mobarakeh, Chadormalu, Tehran, Isfahan, Rey and Ahvaz totally with 72 million tons of freight make more than 80 percent of the rail transport potential market.<br /> So the rest 25 points would share less than 20 percent of the rail transport potential market.
Marketing in rail transport,ranking the target markets,rail transport share,multi –criteria decision-making
https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_24526.html
https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_24526_755a1a30b07c8151bd9dda10614d5e58.pdf
Institute for Trade Studies and Research
Iranian Journal of Trade Studies
1735-0794
2676-7767
21
81
2017
02
19
Evaluation and Selection of Efficient Suppliers in terms of Uncertainty -The Grey Data Envelopment Analysis Approach
181
203
FA
morteza
salehi
عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه زابل،دانشکده فنی و مهندسی
m.salehisarbijan@in.iut.ac.ir
mohsen
sayyah
دانشگاه پیام نور زنجانی و مهندسی، گروه مهندسی صنایع
sayyah.mohsen@gmail.com
Evaluation and selection of efficient suppliers is one of the important issues of supply chain management more than dependent the cost index is associated to a wide range of quantitative and qualitative indicators. Many approaches of multiple criteria decision making has to selection of suppliers that Data Envelopment of Analysis (DEA) is one the useful methods. On the other hand, with considering the uncertainty in the real word, evaluation and suppliers selection problem becomes a complex decision problem. Grey theory is one of the theories that used for uncertainty condition. In this study to access real results in evaluation and selection of efficient suppliers, a developed grey data envelopment analysis model is presented that achieve with considering decision makers (DM) preferences about the inputs and outputs.
Data Envelopment of Analysis,Efficient suppliers,Uncertainty,grey theory
https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_24527.html
https://pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir/article_24527_9876b2e9edb71d6e905c558963f862b7.pdf